Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review

Gul Bangulzai: Author of the first Novel “Dreehav” in Brahui Literature

Muhammad Imran — 2026-01-15

This research seeks to explore Gul Bangulzai's contribution to the emergence of Brahui literature, particularly his socio-cultural representation in Dreehav (1989) as being the first Brahui novel and its critical portrayal of Baloch tribal society. Brahui is an old language that has a solid oral tradition but only tardily, it began to deal with the post-modern fiction. The journey from folk literature, through short stories in the 1950s and ultimately to the novel is part of a wider societal and literary evolution. Gul Bangulzai was a prominent figure at this time that forms the modern Brahui prose. The method followed by this inquiry is a qualitative literary analysis of the primary texts and their critical reception in an attempt to offer interpretations of themes, characters and socio-historical references. The research claims that Dreehav powerfully articulates nomadic lifestyle, tribal hierarchies, class exploitation and gender discrimination in Baloch society. Bangulzai articulates rural marginality and feudal exploitation with vivid characters and narratives. His writings span oral tradition and contemporary fiction contributing to the canon of pacesetter genre in modern Brahui literature. More studies on the comparative analysis of Brahui novels and translations should be conducted. Universities need to consider Brahui literature so that this infant literary tradition is preserved and enhanced.

Youth Political Disengagement in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences

Zainab Asif — 2026-01-15

The study examines the Pakistan’s increasing youth political disengagement problem which poses a threat to stability of Pakistan. Finding the root cause of this disengagement and understanding its long term effects on the country’s democracy and governance are the main goal. Since youth have historically been important in political initiatives, historical studies show that after the ban on student union and the emergence of dynastic politics, there was a trend toward disengagement. The study looks at the causes of disengagement using a descriptive and exploratory approach and gathers information from focused discussion with individuals aged 18 to 35.The results shows that disengagement is caused by political mistrust, elite power, unstable governance, lack of civic education and socio-economic issues. The study also highlights the way in which youth civic engagement is essential to support the stability of Pakistan’s democratic system and understanding the strategies of youth political disengagement. The study recommendations demands for the restoration of student union, setting up the youth quotas in parliament and the addition of meaningful civic education in order to restore the political engagement of youth.

Bridging the Divide: A Comparative Analysis of Matriculation and O-Level English Curricula in Pakistan

Shazia Nasreen — 2026-01-16

This paper investigates the differences between national Matriculation curriculum and the Cambridge O-Level curriculum to determine the differences in teaching English at the secondary education level. Using analysis of curriculum documents, semi structured teacher interviews and extensive student surveys, the analysis measures the breadth of content coverage, methods used in instruction and the modes used in assessment by the two systems. The outcomes demonstrate that, unlike the Matriculation curriculum, including mostly rote memorization and grammatical correctness, the O-Level structure prefigures communicative competence, higher-level critical thinking, and creative articulation. However, structural inequalities and socio-economic inequalities still mediate access to high-quality education as well as the results of education. In light of these results, the article presents evidence-based policy suggestions that can support curriculum change, strategic alignment, and redesigning of assessment and narrow the divide between the two systems to promote national English proficiency.

Blended Learning for the Teaching of Story Writing: An Experimental Study

Irum Batool — 2026-01-16

The study investigates the effectiveness of blended learning and online collaborative learning tools for teaching story writing. Theoretical framework is based on Constructivism (Jonassen, 2000; Seimen, 2004), and Cognitivism (Mayer, 2002) for this experimental study. The experimental research has a quantitative paradigm and conducted on purposively selected 50 undergraduate learners distributed into control and experimental groups, with 25 participants in each group. The experimental group was taught through blended learning, and the control group was taught face-to-face. The treatment for the experimental group was given in the form of both face-to-face classroom sessions and online sessions including Wattpad, Wikispacesclassroom, Storybird, and Penzu. The study's findings revealed that interactivity, variety in the ways of teaching, collaboration among students for writing stories, exposure and interaction with the communities of practice, and feedback from instructors and peers were the factors responsible for the high scores and performance of learners in the experimental group. The study recommends using a blended learning approach to teach story-writing skills. Furthermore, modern trends in AI and innovations should be incorporated in blended learning, as technology has a major role in every field of life.