South Asia and the Challenges of Regional Stability: Geopolitical, Security, and Developmental Perspectives

Abstract

A review of the situation in South Asia as far as regional stability is concerned makes it evident that it is on a knife edge, most predominantly due to the combinations of geopolitical rivalries, domestic security issues, and long-term developmental imbalances. This paper questions the creation of these overlapping variables that come together to disarm peace and frustrate the working together of people, with a specific emphasis on how these interactions occur between India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. Using a qualitative and thematic approach to the analysis of the available academic literature, policy briefs, and region-specific case studies, the study explores unresolved territorial disputes, religious extremism, the weakness of regional organizations, and uneven economic growth, all of which have been found to determine the core determinants of instability. Through our findings, we have found that despite these incremental changes made through regional forums and diplomatic efforts, deep-rooted mistrust and lack of state institution integration remain major challenges to sustainable peace. This paper finds that the establishment of coordinated conflict-resolution measures, strengthening of multilateral institutions, and formulation of development policies that emphasize human security and inclusive development are the key elements of ensuring the establishment of long-term stability in South Asia