Reconnoitering Khwaja Amir Khusrau’s Ambilingual Translingualism in his qawwali قوالی: Zihal-e- miskeen makun taghaful duraey naina banaey battiyyan زی حالِ مسکیں مکن تغافل درائے نیناں بنائیں بتیاں

Abstract

This paper investigates the ambilingual & translingual stance by Khusrau’s (1253-1325) in his qawwali. Aitmatov, (1984) describes translingualism as writing in more than one language. Khusrau’s translingualism is analyzed from the vantage point of ‘yoking’ i.e., using two languages in one verse. This framework is used in Sufi literature, through Yoko’s (2003)’s ‘exophony’ and Aitmatov’s (1984), yoking. These involve using the Persian language in the first verse while Braj Bhasha in the second. Coding by Braune & Clarke (2006: 20-25) is used as a method to investigate tarnslingualism. Research on translingualism is mostly for Western languages. This paper contributes to Eastern translingualism, with Sufi transposition. The thematic analysis has shown the that thematic structures are universal for Western and Eastern languages. It will bring Western and Eastern corridors together for poets and writers from Eastern cultures who can use the findings to work on linguistic considerations of languages by producing trans-lingual texts. The future researchers are recommended to work on similar patterns on their own regional languages and discover similarities and differences in translingual patterns.