Climate Change and Geopolitics: How China’s Policies are Transforming Arctic Shipping

Abstract

This study examines China's Arctic plans through analysis of the Polar Silk Road initiative alongside Chinese Arctic infrastructure development and cooperation with Arctic states. This research investigates China's strategies regarding Arctic energy security while also advancing its trade competitiveness and extending geographic presence in this region. The Arctic ice depletion resulting from environmental changes created maritime opportunity through the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and Northwest Passage. The research utilizes its findings on qualitative analysis of trade routes that serve as core components of China's Belt and Road Initiative's implementation. The routes present faster transportation alongside economic advantages which change historical trading patterns. The Chinese Arctic strategy improves global trade networks but challenges assessments of Arctic governance obligations as well as environmental preservation and Arctic security procedures. These internal environmental and security matters require universal governance standards that balance worldwide cooperation against geopolitical tensions.