Understanding Good Governance in the Context of Pakistan

Abstract

This study explores the multidimensional concept of good governance in Pakistan by identifying its theoretical foundations, institutional challenges, and the influence of reforms and non-state actors. Despite global governance standards promoting accountability, transparency, and inclusiveness, Pakistan’s implementation remains weak due to entrenched political practices, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and civil-military imbalances. A qualitative analysis of secondary data governance indices, institutional reports, and scholarly literature was conducted using thematic analysis. Key indicators include the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators, the Global State of Democracy Indices, and Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index.Findings show low performance in voice and accountability, regulatory quality, and corruption control. The roles of the judiciary, military, and civil bureaucracy negatively affect democratic processes. Limited progress is seen in gender inclusivity and decentralization efforts. The study suggests a context-sensitive governance model emphasizing institutional neutrality, inclusion of marginalized groups, and strengthened anti-corruption and transparency mechanisms to foster resilient, citizen-oriented governance.