Impact of Infrastructure on Student Learning Outcomes in SEF’S FAS Schools in Sindh

Abstract

The research examine the impact of infrastructure encompassing classroom environment, school facilities, learning resources, recreational facilities, and sanitation on academic performance in SEF's Foundation Assisted Schools (FAS) in Sindh, with a specific focus on the mediating role of student engagement. A total of 481 student participants were recruited using purposive sampling. The data was obtained through a closed -ended structured questionnaire with the use of 5 point Likert scale. Smart PLS was used for data analysis because of the complexity of the model and a survey method was utilized for data collection. The result indicated that classroom environment, school facilities, learning resources, recreational facilities, sanitation and hygiene all have a positive impact on student engagement and academic performance while student engagement has a positive effect on academic performance. Similarly, the impact of class environment, school facilities, learning resources, recreational facilities, and sanitation and hygiene facilities on academic performance is positively mediated by student engagement. Thereby, if students are more engaged and more likely to perform well in a well and clean school, academic outcomes also improve. The educational system needs to tackle issues of infrastructure and engagement in the classroom to help students do well and succeed educationally.