Nativization in Punjab Textbook of English Grade IX and X

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the representation of culture in the textbooks of English grade IX and grade X by Punjab Textbook Board (TBB). It also observes the extent to which these books have tried to promote cultural nativization and globalization. For this study, the researchers have used the model by Byram & Morgan (1994). The analysis of the textbooks reveals that the authors have not just focused on Islam and national culture but also on national history and international elements. However, the authors have included the major personalities in the textbooks who are considered as Islamic or national heroes. National culture, personalities, history, geography, and cultural heritage are promoted. International cultures are also given minor focus in a few chapters. The researchers have tried to explain both national and international aspects separately so that readers can compare cultural perspectives from one another to improvise the idea of globalization in the 21st century. The findings show that grade IX textbook focuses on national items and grade X textbook focuses on international items.