Perception in Uniform: A Study of Police Attitudes towards the Transgender Community in Pakistan

Abstract

This study delves into the complex dynamics between the police force and the transgender population in Pakistan, despite the strides made through legislation such as the 2018 Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act. Despite legal advancements, the transgender community continues to endure discrimination and violence, particularly from figures of authority. Employing a mixed-methods approach, utilizing quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews, and focus groups, the research examines police attitudes. The quantitative phase employs a structured questionnaire to measure cognitive, affective, and behavioral attitudes, while the qualitative phase utilizes thematic analysis to explore underlying reasons. The study employs an intersectional lens to explore connections between various social identities, police training, and policy. Results highlight a disparity between policy and implementation, influenced by cultural stigma, insufficient training, and personal biases. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing policy, training, and community engagement, emphasizing the imperative of structural reforms to ensure the safety and dignity of citizens, irrespective of gender identity.