Blurring Boundaries: The Use of Free Indirect Discourse in Contemporary Pakistani Novels

Authors

  • Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Associate Professor, Department of English Language and Literature, Shaikh Ayaz University Shikarpur, Sindh, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-7046
  • Dr. Safia Siddiqui Assistant Professor, Department of English Literature, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
  • Atiqa Kanwal Visiting Lecturer, College of Art & Design, University of the Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2025(9-III)01

Keywords:

Free Indirect Discourse, Narrative Techniques, Pakistani English Novels, Narrative Voice, Literary Pragmatics, Narrative Boundaries

Abstract

The objective of this research is to investigate free indirect discourse (FID) in contemporary Pakistani novels written in English, analyzing how these blends the narrator with each character’s thoughts. The selected novels are Home Fire by Kamila Shamsie, The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid and Cracking India by Bapsi Sidhwa. The research is supported by using Dorrit Cohn’s (1978) elaboration of different narrative modes and Banfield’s (1982) interpretation of FID within a narratology and stylistics model. The analysis reveals how personal and political tensions are expressed with the help of FID. This narrative mode not only deepens psychological realism but also constructs an ambivalent space where personal and collective histories intersect. Through close readings and comparative analysis, the research reveals how FID contributes to the evolution of the Pakistani English novel as a site of aesthetic innovation and socio-political engagement.

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Published

2025-07-01

Details

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    PDF Downloads: 9

How to Cite

Ajmal, M., Siddiqui, S., & Kanwal, A. (2025). Blurring Boundaries: The Use of Free Indirect Discourse in Contemporary Pakistani Novels. Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review, 9(3), 01–09. https://doi.org/10.47205/plhr.2025(9-III)01

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 3 (2025): July to September

Section

Articles

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